A loss of S$400 occurs. Under Policy X the S$500 provision is an excess; under Policy Y the S$500 provision is a franchise. What is paid under each?
The loss (S$400) is below both thresholds. With an excess of S$500, nothing exceeds the excess so nil is paid. With a franchise of S$500, the loss has not reached the franchise so nil is paid. Both pay nil for a loss below the threshold.
Excess and franchise behave the same below the threshold (nil), but differ above it: excess is deducted, franchise pays in full.
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