A bank reserves an attractive, higher-yielding investment opportunity for its high-net-worth clients while offering its retail clients — to whom it owes the same obligations — only inferior products. In the study text's five types of misalignment of interest, this is a conflict between:
The text's fifth type of misalignment is between the financial institution and one or more clients — its example being an institution that creates an attractive investment opportunity for high-net-worth clients at the expense of other (retail) clients to whom it has the same obligations.
The conflict here is at the institution-versus-clients level (favouring some clients over others), not a representative-level or institution-versus-representative conflict.
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